Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola (HNA) is defined as excessive keratinization of the nipple and/or areola. Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola is characterized by hyperpigmented, verrucous or filiform, keratotic thickening of the nipple and/or areola, with a papillomatosis or velvety sensation to touch.

Cutaneous Disorders of the Breast

Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: treatment with topical retinoic acid - ScienceDirect

Nipple and areola lesions: review of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy features - Cinotti - 2019 - Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology - Wiley Online Library

Nipple adenoma in a female patient presenting with persistent erythema of the right nipple skin: case report, review of the literature, clinical implications, and relevancy to health care providers who evaluate and

a Diffuse hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola. Kera

Figure 1 from Dermoscopy as a Supportive Instrument in the Early Recognition of Erosive Adenomatosis of the Nipple and Mammary Paget's Disease

Paget Disease of the Nipple

Breast Masses and More - Physician Guide to Breastfeeding

Figure 2 from Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: report of 3 cases.