Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and

The geometrical characteristics of the modified feed.

PDF) Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

Development of an automatic and object-oriented method for spacer design in the spiral wound nanofiltration modules to comprehensively enhance filtration performance - ScienceDirect

Roles and performance enhancement of feed spacer in spiral wound membrane modules for water treatment: A 20-year review on research evolvement - ScienceDirect

Development and evaluation of a novel feed spacer for forward osmosis membrane - ScienceDirect

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

a) Non-dimensional pressure variation in front and base of the

Membranes, Free Full-Text

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

PDF) Airfoil-shaped filament feed spacer for improved filtration performance in water treatment

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

Advancements in conventional and 3D printed feed spacers in membrane modules - ScienceDirect