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Three-dimensional rotations about each costovertebral joint. Rib

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Download scientific diagram | Three-dimensional rotations about each costovertebral joint. Rib motions are conventionally described relative to three anatomical axes; (A) and (D) "Bucket handle" rotation about a dorsoventral axis (blue arrow; see Supplementary Video S1); (B) and (E) caliper rotation about a craniocaudal axis (green arrow; see Supplementary Video S2); and (C) and (F) Pump handle rotation about a mediolateral axis (red arrow; see Supplementary Video S3), that is, long-axis rotation about the neck of the rib. Note: (A), (B), and (C) are cranial (frontal) views of vertebrae and left rib; (D), (E), and (F) are lateral views of the same vertebrae and left rib (cranial is to the left); colored tracers indicate path of distal rib tip; transparent colored ribs indicate rib position after rotation about the corresponding axis. from publication: Reaction Forces and Rib Function During Locomotion in Snakes | Locomotion in most tetrapods involves coordinated efforts between appendicular and axial musculoskeletal systems, where interactions between the limbs and the ground generate vertical (GV), horizontal (GH), and mediolateral (GML) ground-reaction forces that are transmitted to | Snakes, Locomotion and Ribs | ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.